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Funeral bell

Galerina marginata

A species of Galerina, Also known as Autumn skullcap, Marginate pholiota

The funeral bell appears around the northern hemisphere in woody debris as well as on the stumps and logs of hardwoods and conifers. The mushroom is highly toxic and is responsible for at least one recorded death due to its similarity to desirable species.

Cap Diameter:

1 - 8 cm

Odor:

Slightly mealy, generally not distinctive.

General Info About Funeral bell

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Attributes of Funeral bell

Cap Diameter

1 - 8 cm

Height

2 - 10 cm

Cap

Cap 1.5 - 8 cm; convex to flat; honey yellow, cinnamon to brownish orange; sticky when fresh or wet, bald; margin usually becoming naked and finely lined at maturity

Cap Shape

Convex, Flat, Bell-shaped

Cap Surfaces

Smooth, Slimy or slightly sticky, Visible lines or stripes

Gills

Adnate; close or nearly distant; yellowish, becoming rusty brown

Gill Attachment

Attached

Stem

Stem 2 - 8 cm long, 3 - 8 mm thick; equal; whitish to brownish, turning dark brown to reddish brown from the base up; bald

Stem Shapes

Cylindrical

Stem Surfaces

Fibrillose

Stem Cross Sections

Hollow or cottony hollow

Flesh

Insubstantial; yellowish to watery brownish; unchanging when sliced

Ring

Thin, collapsed, bracelet-like; whitish to rusty brown

Ring

With Ring

Spore Print Color

Rusty brown

Odor

Slightly mealy, generally not distinctive.

Body Color

Brown

Yellow

White

Orange

Flesh Bruises

The flesh or milk does not discolor when bruised or cut.

Growth Form

Scattered, Gregarious, Clustered

Nutrient Gathering

Saprophytic

Substrate

Dead Woods, Wood Chips or Mulch

You can find Funeral bell by these plants:

Eastern cottonwood, Spruces, European beech

Occurence Habitats

Deciduous Woodland, Coniferous Woodland, Mixed Woodland, Meadows

Species Status

Widely distributed and common in North America

Endangered Species

How to Identify Funeral bell

Fruiting Body Cap Gills

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Habitat of Funeral bell

The funeral bell mushroom grows in forests of all types. It forms large groupings that feed on fallen deadwood, stumps, and wood chips.

Distribution Area of Funeral bell

North America,Europe,northern Asia

Scientific Classification of Funeral bell

Phylum

Club fungi

Class

Mushroom-forming fungi

Order

Gilled fungi

Family

Hymenogastraceae

Genus

Galerina

Toxicity and Edibility of Funeral bell

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Is Funeral bell Toxic?

Funeral bell is commonly found in damp, rotting wood during fall to early winter. If ingested, early symptoms may include nausea, cramps, and dizziness, leading potentially to liver damage and heart failure in later stages. Distinguishable by its brown cap and stem, and gill-pattern underneath, it is highly recommended to avoid consumption.

Toxins type

Amatoxins, Phallotoxins, Virotoxins

Type of poisoning

Hepatotoxic

Toxic Severity

Extreme toxicity

Incubation Period

4-24 hours

Poisoning Symptoms

Early symptoms: abdominal cramps, nausea, weakness, vomiting, and dizziness, with potential for circulatory failure.

Later stages: calf and abdominal cramps, hepatitis, heart failure, bloody diarrhea, and liver damage.

Is Funeral bell Toxic to Dogs?

Funeral bell can be fatal to dogs due to the presence of cyclopeptides. Immediate medical attention is strongly advised if you suspect your dog has eaten these commonly found woodland mushrooms. Signs of poisoning develop after a few hours and include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. There may seem to be an improvement but this is often followed days later by liver and kidney failure and death.

Similar Species to Funeral bell

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Tips for Finding Funeral bell

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What are Some Tips for Finding Funeral bell

Search in areas with abundant fallen trees, stumps, or branches, as funeral bell often colonizes such decomposing wood.
Inspect clusters of mushrooms, as funeral bell tends to grow in groups rather than solitary.
Look for funeral bell in areas where coniferous trees are prevalent as they commonly appear on the rotting material of these species.
Include visits to open grasslands in your search, as funeral bell can sometimes be found in these habitats away from wooded areas.
When exploring, prioritize spots with woodchips or clear signs of wood decay, which may indicate a suitable growing environment for funeral bell.