Top 20 Most Common Mushrooms in Samara

1. Common orange lichen

Common orange lichen was selected in 2006 by the United States Department of Energy as a model for genomic sequencing. Its widespread dispersal and bright yellow-orange color give the lichen its common name. It is primarily found growing on rocks, walls, and tree bark.

2. Dryad's saddle

A familiar sight to spring morel hunters, dryad's saddle is noteworthy for its large size, striking scales, and watermelon-like smell. Similar to other mushrooms in the bracket fungi family, dryad's saddle can be used to make paper. Younger mushrooms are better suited for this purpose due to their smaller and more consistent fibers.

3. Tinder fungus

This large, tough shelf fungus can be found attached to birch, beech, and sycamore trees. It gets its common name, tinder fungus, from the fact that it burns quite slowly and can thus be used effectively for lighting fires. Dried pieces can also be a useful desiccant. A piece of this fungus was found in the possession of Otzi the Iceman, indicating that its usefulness has been known for millenia.

4. Mealy shadow lichen

5. Hammered shield lichen

Hammered shield lichen is noted for its pollution tolerance. It is a widespread grey flat lichen that is mostly found upon tree bark and occasionally rocks. Hammered shield lichen is named for the depressions within the lobe which give it a hammered appearance.

6. Tar spot

The tar spot is a pathogen fungus that attacks the trees of the Acer genus (Maples). The first symptoms of the fungal infections caused by Rhytisma acerinum are black spots on the leaves and an early leaf drop. The fungus doesn't affect an infected tree's health in the long term, but it makes an unpleasant sight.

7. Star rosette lichen

The rosettig-star-shaped bearing of Physcia stellaris is white-gray to gray. Thallus lobules are 0.5 to 1.5 (rarely to 3) mm wide, white to light brown underneath. In contrast to the very similar Physcia aipolia, the camp is not white dotted. The dark brown, partly frosted Apothecien (diameter 0.7 to 3 mm) occur frequently and have a bearing-colored edge.

8. Frosted lichen

9. Chicken of the woods

Chicken of the woods is very noticeable in hardwood forests, appearing in clusters on standing tree trunks in bright orange and yellow hues that sometimes last through the entire winter. It is a parasite that causes an unfortunate brown heart rot, and is considered a particularly troublesome pest of Yew trees. If the fruitbodies can be seen, the tree is likely already beyond saving.

10. Wreath lichen

11. Red-belted conk

This bracket or shelf fungus grows for years on both living and dead conifer trees. Its annual growth creates distinctive rings or ridges, with a bright red or orange band separating the old layers from the current growth. Red-belted conk is only a danger to living trees if it colonizes a very deep cut or broken top.

12. Oyster mushroom

Oyster mushrooms grow wild but are also cultivated for sale in supermarkets. They can even be cultivated at home. They will grow on coffee grounds and spent grain, and are occasionally even fashioned into an environmentally-friendly substitute for styrofoam. There are several toxic look-alike species, so it is best to buy these mushrooms at the store.

13. Robust bracket

Robust bracket is a wood-decaying mushroom that grows on a variety of tree species. When young, it has a cinnamon brown color with a red edge, which darkens with age. These mushrooms are long lived and may grow to be over two decades old.

14. Oakmoss

Evernia prunastri grows shrubby on trees. The yellow-green lichen grows up to 10 cm. It consists of up to five millimeters wide shrubby branched bands with a light underside. At the edges of these open dusty (Sorale). Apothecias (with shiny brown disc) are rarely formed.

15. Parasol

Found in clearings and grassy areas in late summer, the wild parasol mushroom has a snakeskin-patterned stem. The brown spots on its cap make it look a bit shaggy, but that name is reserved for its poisonous counterpart, the Shaggy Parasol (Chlorophyllum rhacodes). You can distinguish the two by the stems: the latter has a smooth stem and red flesh inside.

16. Tiger sawgill

The tiger sawgill (Lentinus tigrinus) is a small mushroom with a name that is not particularly accurate. Sporting neither the color nor the pattern that we commonly associate with the tiger, it has a subdued, pale cap that is usually covered in brown patches. The eighteenth-century European that named the species may have been thinking of a leopard.

17. Fly agaric

In Northern Asia and Europe, fly agaric grows under trees near the winter solstice and is collected for ritual use tied to the season. Its characteristic shape and coloring are still ubiquitous in many European fairy tale illustrations and Christmas traditions. It is highly toxic.

18. Brown roll-rim

This wide-capped toadstool grows all around the world in temperate zones of the northern and southern hemispheres. Brown roll-rim mushrooms are known to be poisonous when consumed, causing immediate gastric upset if eaten raw and damaging vital organs of the body even when cooked, leading to death over time.

19. Powdered sunshine lichen

Vulpicida pinastri usually has few, broad, irregular lobes whose edges are lined with yellow Bortensoralen. On the underside, the lichen is pale yellowish with few rhizins. Fruit bodies (Apotheciens) are very rarely trained and then have a brown disc with bearing edge. The unicellular spores are ellipsoidal to almost spherical. The yellow color is caused by the highly toxic vulpinic acid in the marrow, which probably serves as a feeding protection against snails.

20. Birch polypore

The birch polypore has a variety of applications. Its thick skin has been used by barbers as a razor sharpener and as a mount for insect collectors. When dried, this mushroom was also used to carry fire over long distances because it burns slowly. The historical use of birch polypore doesn't stop there; pieces of this mushroom were found being carried by the five-thousand-year-old mummy Ötzi the Iceman.

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