Top 20 Most Common Mushrooms in Sem
Most Common Mushrooms
1. Tree lungwort
Tree lungwort is a green lichen that can be found in humid areas of North America, Europe, and Asia. It grows regularly on trees, rocks, and in urban areas rich with moss. It can be used as a dye. Animals may consume tree lungwort or use it as nesting material.
2. Witch's hair
This common species can be found hanging off of coniferous trees in low-density forests around the world. It grows better in sunlight than other lichens. Witch's hair was traditionally used for fibercrafts, bandages, and diapers. The Nuxalk people of the Pacific Northwest also turned it into decorative false hair on traditional dancing masks.
3. Red-belted conk
This bracket or shelf fungus grows for years on both living and dead conifer trees. Its annual growth creates distinctive rings or ridges, with a bright red or orange band separating the old layers from the current growth. Red-belted conk is only a danger to living trees if it colonizes a very deep cut or broken top.
4. Black witches' butter
Black witches' butter (Exidia glandulosa) is a distinctive jelly fungus that appears as a shiny, greasy black mass on decaying wood. It may have received a common name connecting it with witches due to a belief that burning this fungus could counteract witchcraft. The individual jellies clump together, creating an especially creepy appearance.
5. Tree moss
Pseudevernia furfuracea is associated with photobionts from the green algae genus Trebouxia. It reproduces asexually by isidia. The ontogeny of isidia development and its role in CO2 gas exchange in P. furfuracea has been investigated. The preferred growing surfaces for P. furfuracea are the so-called "nutrient poor" bark trees, including birch, pine and spruce. The species has two morphologically identical varieties that are distinguished by the secondary metabolites they produce: var. ceratea Zopf. produces olivetoric acid and other physodic acids, while var. furfuracea produces physodic but not olivetoric acid. Some authors (e.g., Hale 1968) have separated the chemotypes at the species level, designating the olivetoric acid-containing specimens as Pseudevernia olivetorina, but more recent literature separates them at the varietal level.
6. Red ring rot
Despite its unassuming appearance, red ring rot has a sinister reputation with commercial logging operations as it is the most common cause of decay in some conifer species. It grows on both living conifers and the deadwood from conifers, often forming a reddish-brown conk. On the flip side, it produces hollowed-out trees that make for excellent nesting sites.
7. Golden chanterelle
Golden chanterelle mushrooms are popular in gourmet cuisine across Europe, where they grow wild during the warm (but not too hot) months. Similar species grow in other countries. Extremely popular with foragers, the golden chanterelle emits an apricot-like scent and contains an array of nutrients that benefit the human body. Several studies suggest consuming extremely large amounts may have detrimental effects on the eyes and muscles.
8. Varied rag lichen
Varied rag lichen grows on rocks, soil, and especially wood. Research has suggested that certain extracts from varied rag lichen can inhibit the growth of biofilms, which may lead to future commercial uses. The specific name, glauca, means "bluish-gray or green," though occasionally this species can appear a pale white color as well.
9. Phellopilus nigrolimitatus
10. Salted shield lichen
It was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus with the name Lichen saxatilis. Erik Acharius transferred it to Parmelia in 1803. The lichen has a greenish-gray to bluish-gray thallus that can turn brown in exposed locations. It typically grows on rock, although it is sometimes found on bark or wood. Parmelia saxatilis is used to make dyes with deep red-brown and rusty-orange colors. Known as "crotal" in Scotland, it was used to dye traditional cloths including Harris tweed. A somewhat similar species with a cosmopolitan distribution is Parmelia sulcata, which generally grows on trees.
More